Class VIII (8) verbs are athematic, meaning that no thematic –अ– is inserted between the stem and the endings. This also means it has different strong and weak forms. Strong forms add –ओ– to the root; weak forms add –उ-. Since all verbs in this class except for कृ end in -न्, verbs of this class appear identical to class 5 (V). Takes imperative 2nd active in -उ. Very common irregular verb in this class is कृ (to make, to do): करो– (strong), कुरु– (weak), with the final –उ of the weak stem dropped before –व– –म– (first dual and plural endings) and –या– of the optative active (Hart, p. 84)

Since most verbs in this class are conjugated just like class V, the verb listed here will be the very common irregular verb कृ, to make.

Example Root: कृ = make

Present Tense

Present Active

Person Singular Dual Plural
First करोमि कुर्वः कुर्मः
Second करोषि कुरुथः कुरुथ
Third करोति कुरुतः कुर्वन्ति

Present Middle

Person Singular Dual Plural
First कुर्वे कुर्वहे कुर्महे
Second कुरुषे कुर्वाथे कुरुध्वे
Third कुरुते कुर्वाते कुर्वते

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Imperfect

Imperfect Active

Prefix अ– is always added just before the root after any other prefixes, employing saṃdhi rules. (Hart, p.24) The augment अ– added to the initial vowels इ-, उ-, and ऋ– coalesces to make the vṛddhi (not the guṇa) of the second element, that is, ऐ-, ऊ-, आर-. (Hart, p.78)

Person Singular Dual Plural
First अकरवम् अकुर्व अकुर्म
Second अकरोः अकुरुतम् अकुरुत
Third अकरोत् अकुरुताम् अकुर्वन्

Imperfect Middle

Person Singular Dual Plural
First अकुर्वि अकुर्वहि अकुर्महि
Second अकुरुथाः अकुर्वाथाम् अकुरुध्वम्
Third अकुरुत अकुर्वाताम् अकुर्वत

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Optative

Optative expresses wish (“may he…”), request (“would you?”), what is desirable or proper (“they should”), and what may occur (“it might…”). (Hart, p. 51).

Optative Active

Person Singular Dual Plural
First कुर्याम् कुर्याव कुर्याम
Second कुर्याः कुर्यातम् कुर्यात
Third कुर्यात् कुर्याताम् कुर्युः

Optative Middle

Person Singular Dual Plural
First कुर्वीय कुर्वीवहि कुर्वीमहि
Second कुर्वीथाः कुर्वीयाथाम् कुर्वीध्वम्
Third कुर्वीत कुर्वीयाताम् कुर्वीरन्

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Imperative

Imperative Active

Person Singular Dual Plural
First करवाणि करवाव करवाम
Second कुरु कुरुतम् कुरुत
Third करोतु कुरुताम् कुर्वन्तु

Imperative Middle

Person Singular Dual Plural
First करवै करवावहै करवामहै
Second कुरष्व कुर्वाथाम् कुरुध्वम्
Third कुरुताम् कुर्वाताम् कुर्वताम्

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