Class VI Verbs - Sanskrit Language Tools

Present | Imperfect | Optative | Imperative

Class VI (6) verbs are thematic, meaning thatt he thematic -अ- is inserted between the stem and the endings. Nor do class VI verbs has strong versus weak forms. For these verbs, endings are added to the weak root, applying neither guṇa or vṛddhi.

Example Root: विश् = enter

Present Tense

Present Active

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	विशामि	विशावः	विशामः
Second	विशसि	विशथः	विशथ
Third	विशति	विशतः	विशन्ति

Present Middle

Example Root: लभ् = acquire, obtain

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	विशे	विशावहे	विशामहे
Second	विशसे	विशेथे	विशध्वे
Third	विशते	विशेते	विशन्ते

Imperfect

Imperfect Active

Prefix अ- is always added just before the root after any other prefixes, employing saṃdhi rules. (Hart, p.24) The augment अ- added to the initial vowels इ-, उ-, and ऋ- coalesces to make the vṛddhi (not the guṇa) of the second element, that is, ऐ-, ऊ-, आर-. (Hart, p.78)

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	अविशम्	अविशाव	अविशाम
Second	अविशः	अविशतम्	अविशत
Third	अविशत्	अविशताम्	अविशन्

Imperfect Middle

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	अविशे	अविशावहि	अविशामहि
Second	अविशथाः	अविशेथाम्	अविशध्वम्
Third	अविशत	अविशेताम्	अविशन्त

Optative

Optative expresses wish (“may he…”), request (“would you?”), what is desirable or proper (“they should”), and what may occur (“it might…”). (Hart, p. 51).

Optative Active

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	विशेयम्	विशेव	विशेम
Second	विशेः	विशेतम्	विशेत
Third	विशेत्	विशेताम्	विशेयुः

Optative Middle

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	विशेय	विशेवहि	विशेमहि
Second	विशेथाः	विशेयाथाम्	विशेध्वम्
Third	विशेत	विशेयाताम्	विशेरन्

Imperative

The imperative is the command tense. In English, it is only found in the 2nd person: “Go home!”, “Do your homework”, and “Beat them!” However, Sanskrit uses it for all persons and numbers. In the 1st and 3rd person it can be translated as “may” and “let” respectively, such as “May I always be kind!” and “Let them always find happiness!”

Imperative Active

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	विशानि	विशाव	विशाम
Second	विश	विशतम्	विशत
Third	विशतु	विशताम्	विशन्तु

Imperative Middle

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	विशै	विशावहै	विशामहै
Second	विशस्व	विशेथाम्	विशध्वम्
Third	विशताम्	विशेताम्	विशन्ताम्