CLass VII Verbs

Class VII (7) verbs are athematic, meaning the thematic -अ- is not inserted between the stem and the endings. It also means that the stem has a strong and weak form for the corresponding endings. To form its stem, this class takes a nasal influx for both strong and weak forms. In the strong, the influx is -न- (-na-) and in the weak -न्- (-n-). It is placed directly before the last consonant of the root. (Hart, p. 84) Thus:

• युज् (to join) → युनज्- (strong), and युञ्ज्- (weak)
• रुध् (to obstruct) → रुणध्- (strong), and रुन्ध्- (weak)

Example Root: युज् (active, to join) and  भुज् (middle, to enjoy)

Present Tense

Present Active

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	युनज्मि	युञ्जवः	युञ्ज्मः
Second	युनक्षि	युङ्क्थः	युङ्क्थ
Third	युनक्ति	युङ्क्तः	युञ्जन्ति

Present Middle

Example Root: भुज् (middle, to enjoy)

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	भुञ्जे	भुञ्ज्वहे	भुञ्ज्महे
Second	भुङ्क्षे	भुञ्जाथे	भुङ्ग्ध्वे
Third	भुङ्क्ते	भुञ्जाते	भुञ्जते

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Imperfect

Imperfect Active

Prefix अ- is always added just before the root after any other prefixes, employing saṃdhi rules. (Hart, p.24) The augment अ- added to the initial vowels इ-, उ-, and ऋ- coalesces to make the vṛddhi (not the guṇa) of the second element, that is, ऐ-, ऊ-, आर-. (Hart, p.78)

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	अयुनजम्	अयुञ्ज्व	अयुञ्ज्म
Second	अयुनक्	अयुङ्क्तम्	अयुङ्क्त
Third	अयुनक्	अयुङ्क्ताम्	अयुञ्जन्

Imperfect Middle

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	अभुञ्जि	अभुञ्ज्वहि	अभुञ्ज्महि
Second	अभुङ्क्थाः	अभुञ्जाथाम्	अभुङ्ग्ध्वम्
Third	अभुङ्क्त	अभुञ्जाताम्	अभुञ्जत

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Optative

Optative expresses wish (“may he…”), request (“would you?”), what is desirable or proper (“they should”), and what may occur (“it might…”). (Hart, p. 51).

Optative Active

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	युञ्जयाम्	युञ्जयाव	युञ्जयाम
Second	युञ्जयाः	युञ्जयातम्	युञ्जयात
Third	युञ्जयात्	युञ्जयाताम्	युञ्जयुः

Optative Middle

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	भुञ्जीय	भुञ्जीवहि	भुञ्जीमहि
Second	भुञ्जीथाः	भुञ्जीयाथाम्	भुञ्जीध्वम्
Third	भुञ्जीत	भुञ्जीयाताम्	भुञ्जीरन्

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Imperative

Imperative Active

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	युनजानि	युनजाव	युनजाम
Second	युङ्ग्धि	युङ्क्तम्	युङ्क्त
Third	युनक्तु	युङ्क्ताम्	युञ्जन्तु

Imperative Middle

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
First	भुनजै	भुनजावहै	भुजामहै
Second	भुङ्क्ष्व	भुञ्जाथाम्	भुङ्ग्ध्वम्
Third	भुङ्क्ताम्	भुञ्जाताम्	भुञ्जताम्

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